????????

???????? ????
???????? ????;
	???????? ????
????? ???	???????
???????	?? ???????
????? ???	???-????-???
????????	Predominantly:; ????????; ???? ????; Others: ???? ????; ????????; ???????; ??????;
????????? ????
??????? ??????	?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????; ; ; ; ; ; ;
????? ??????	????????; ?????; ????? ????;
????? ?????
????? ?????	Guru, 310 , ?????????
???????
??????? ?????	????????
??????? ???????	U+0A00–U+0A7F
	?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????

百度凡此种种，都取得了良好的社会反响。

???????? ???? (?????: [ɡ??m?k?i]) (Gurmukhi: ??????????????) ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????^[?]^[?] ???????? ??? ????, ???? ????? (????-????) ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? “????????” ???? “????? ??? ????”^[?]

??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ????^[?]^[?]^[?]

???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????^[?]

???????

???? ????????????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? U+0A02 ???? U+0A4C?

???????? ????^[1] Unicode.org chart (PDF)
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
U+0A0x		?	?	?		?	?	?	?	?	?					?
U+0A1x	?			?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
U+0A2x	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?		?	?	?	?	?	?
U+0A3x	?		?	?		?	?		?	?			?		?	?
U+0A4x	?	?	?					?	?			?	?	?
U+0A5x		?								?	?	?	?		?
U+0A6x							?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
U+0A7x	?	?	?	?	?	?
Notes ?.^ ??????? ?????? ?.?

?????????

↑ ^? ^? Peter T. Daniels; William Bright (????)? The World's Writing Systems? Oxford University Press? ??. ???? ???????? ???-?-??-??????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ ^? ^? Danesh Jain; George Cardona (????)? The Indo-Aryan Languages? Routledge? ??. ??? ???????? ???-?-???-?????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ ^? ^? Mandair, Arvind-Pal S.; Shackle, Christopher; Singh, Gurharpal (???????? ??, ????)? Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity? Routledge? ??. ??, Quote: "creation of a pothi in distinct Sikh script (Gurmukhi) seem to relate to the immediate religio-political context ..."? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
Mann, Gurinder Singh; Numrich, Paul; Williams, Raymond (???????? ?, ????)? Buddhists, Hindus, and Sikhs in America? New York: Oxford University Press? ??. ???, Quote: "He modified the existing writing systems of his time to create Gurmukhi, the script of the Sikhs; then ..."? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
Shani, Giorgio (????? ????)? The Territorialization of Identity: Sikh Nationalism in the Diaspora? Japan: Kitakyushu University? ??. ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
"Gurmukhi - The Sikh Alphabet"? Sikhs.org? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
Harjeet Singh Gill (????)? Peter T. Daniels; William Bright (?????????)? The World's Writing Systems? Oxford University Press? ??. ???? ???????? ???-?-??-??????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ Danesh Jain; George Cardona (????)? The Indo-Aryan Languages? Routledge? ??. ??–??, ??–??? ???????? ???-?-???-?????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[Bright1996p395-1] ? ^? Peter T. Daniels; William Bright (????)? The World's Writing Systems? Oxford University Press? ??. ???? ???????? ???-?-??-??????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[jaincardona53-2] ? ^? Danesh Jain; George Cardona (????)? The Indo-Aryan Languages? Routledge? ??. ??? ???????? ???-?-???-?????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[Gurmukhi_-_The_Sikh_Alphabet-3] ? ^? Mandair, Arvind-Pal S.; Shackle, Christopher; Singh, Gurharpal (???????? ??, ????)? Sikh Religion, Culture and Ethnicity? Routledge? ??. ??, Quote: "creation of a pothi in distinct Sikh script (Gurmukhi) seem to relate to the immediate religio-political context ..."? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
Mann, Gurinder Singh; Numrich, Paul; Williams, Raymond (???????? ?, ????)? Buddhists, Hindus, and Sikhs in America? New York: Oxford University Press? ??. ???, Quote: "He modified the existing writing systems of his time to create Gurmukhi, the script of the Sikhs; then ..."? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
Shani, Giorgio (????? ????)? The Territorialization of Identity: Sikh Nationalism in the Diaspora? Japan: Kitakyushu University? ??. ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
"Gurmukhi - The Sikh Alphabet"? Sikhs.org? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
Harjeet Singh Gill (????)? Peter T. Daniels; William Bright (?????????)? The World's Writing Systems? Oxford University Press? ??. ???? ???????? ???-?-??-??????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[4] Danesh Jain; George Cardona (????)? The Indo-Aryan Languages? Routledge? ??. ??–??, ??–??? ???????? ???-?-???-?????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

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