????????? ??????

???? ????????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????^[?] ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? (??????) ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????^[?] ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????

????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ???????-???????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? (????-???? ???????????) ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????^[?] ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?????^[?] ?? ??? ????? ?????^[?]^[?]^[?]^[?]^[?] ??? ?? ?????? (???? ????? ? ???? ??? ???????) ??????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????^[??]^[??] ??? ?????? ????? ?????????????? (???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????????) ????????? ????? ??? ????????^[??]^[??] ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????^[?]^[?]^[??]^[??] ??? ??? ? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????^[?]^[?]^[?]^[??] ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ??? (???? ?????? ??????? (????), ??? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??????)?^[?]^[??]^[??] ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? (????-???? ???????????) ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ? ????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ????^[??] ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????, ????? ? ????????? ????????? ??????? ? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ??????????^[??] ???? ???? ???? ????????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????, ????????? ? ?????-????????? ????????????

????? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????^[??] ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????

??? ?????? ??? (????–???? ???????????)

???? ???? ???

????????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? (????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????)?^[??] ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? (?????? ???? ???????? ??????????) ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????

???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? (?????) ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??, ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???; ???? ?????? ?????? ????, ????? ???, ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????

???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????

???? ?????? ?????? (???? ?????? ??????) ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????, ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???, ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ????? “??????? ???? ???????? ????” ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???: “?????? ??? ???, ??????? ??? ???”? ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????^[??] ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??, ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????^[??]

???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???-?????? ????????-????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???

???? ????? ???

???? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????^[??] ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????????????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? (???? ???? ??????, ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????)? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ?????-??-???????

??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? (???? ? ????) ? ??? ?????? (???? ? ?????) ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????

????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? (?????) ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? (?????) ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????

???? ???? ? ???? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????

???? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????

???? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? (?????) ???? ????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ‘???? ?? ?????’ ????????? ???? ???????? ? ???????? ?????????

???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ????? ? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?? ???? ???????????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????

??? ?????

?????????

↑ "BBC History of Sikhism – The Khalsa"? Sikh world history? BBC Religion & Ethics? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????-??-???{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ Singh, Patwant (????)? The Sikhs? Knopf? ??. ??? ???????? ?-???-?????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ ^? ^? Pashaura Singh (2005), Understanding the Martyrdom of Dhan Dhan Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji, Journal of Punjab Studies, 12(1), pages 29-62
↑ ^? ^? McLeod, Hew (????)? "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab"? South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies? ?? (s1): ???–???? ?????:10.1080/00856408708723379?{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ ^? ^? V. D. Mahajan (1970). Muslim Rule In India. S. Chand, New Delhi, p.223.
↑ ^? ^? Irvine, William (????)? Later Mughals? Harvard Press? ???????? ??????????????{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ Pashaura Singh; Louis Fenech (????)? The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies? Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press? ??. ???–???? ???????? ???-?-??-??????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ Gandhi, Surjit (????)? History of Sikh gurus retold? Atlantic Publishers? ??. ???–???? ???????? ???-??-???-????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ ^? ^? ^? Singh, Prithi (????)? The history of Sikh gurus? Lotus Press? ??. ???? ???????? ???-??-????-???-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ Singh, Prof. Kartar (????-??-??)? Life Story Of Guru Nanak? Hemkunt Press? ??. ??? ???????? ???-??-????-???-?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ ^? ^? Si?gha, Kirapāla (????)? Select documents on Partition of Punjab-1947? National Book? ??. ???? ???????? ???-??-????-???-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ ^? ^? ^? Singh, Prithi Pal (????)? The history of Sikh Gurus? Lotus Press? ??. ???? ???????? ??-????-???-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ ^? ^? ^? Abel, Ernest? "Life of Banda Singh"?^{[??????????? ???????? ?????]}
↑ Lafont, Jean-Marie (?? ?? ????)? Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Lord of the Five Rivers (French Sources of Indian History Sources)? USA: Oxford University Press? ??. ??–??? ???????? ?-??-??????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ Singh, Pritam (????)? Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy (?????? ??????)? Routledge? ???????? ?????????????? A lot of Hindu and Muslim peasants converted to Sikhism from conviction, fear, economic motives, or a combination of the three (Khushwant Singh 1999: 106; Ganda Singh 1935: 73).{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ Kudaisya, Gyanesh; Yong, Tan Tai (????)? The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia (?????? ??????)? Routledge? ??. ???? ???????? ???-?-???-?????-?? No sooner was it made public than the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution. Pakistan was portrayed as a possible return to an unhappy past when Sikhs were persecuted and Muslims the persecutor. Public speeches by various Sikh political leaders on the subject of Pakistan invariably raised images of atrocities committed by Muslims on Sikhs and of the martyrdom of their gurus and heroes. Reactions to the Lahore Resolution were uniformly negative and Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be 'wholeheartedly resisted'. The Shiromani Akali Dal, the party with a substantial following amongst the rural Sikhs, organized several well-attended conferences in Lahore to condemn the Muslim League. Master Tara Singh, leader of the Akali Dal, declared that his party would fight Pakistan 'tooth and nail'. Not be outdone, other Sikh political organizations, rival to the Akali Dal, namely the Central Khalsa Young Men Union and the moderate and loyalist Chief Khalsa Dewan, declared in an equally strong language their unequivocal opposition to the Pakistan scheme.{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
↑ ^? ^? Singh, Khushwant (????)? The Illustrated History of the Sikhs? India: Oxford University Press? ??. ??–??? ???????? ?-??-??????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) Also, as according to the Purātan Janamsākhī (the birth stories of Nanak).
↑ ^? ^? Shackle, Christopher; Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh (????)? Teachings of the Sikh Gurus: Selections from the Sikh Scriptures? United Kingdom: Routledge? xiii–xiv? ???????? ?-???-?????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[1] "BBC History of Sikhism – The Khalsa"? Sikh world history? BBC Religion & Ethics? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????-??-???{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[2] Singh, Patwant (????)? The Sikhs? Knopf? ??. ??? ???????? ?-???-?????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[IslamistPersecution8-3] ? ^? Pashaura Singh (2005), Understanding the Martyrdom of Dhan Dhan Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji, Journal of Punjab Studies, 12(1), pages 29-62

[IslamistPersecution9-4] ? ^? McLeod, Hew (????)? "Sikhs and Muslims in the Punjab"? South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies? ?? (s1): ???–???? ?????:10.1080/00856408708723379?{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[IslamistPersecution1-5] ? ^? V. D. Mahajan (1970). Muslim Rule In India. S. Chand, New Delhi, p.223.

[IslamistPersecution3-6] ? ^? Irvine, William (????)? Later Mughals? Harvard Press? ???????? ??????????????{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[IslamistPersecution4-7] Pashaura Singh; Louis Fenech (????)? The Oxford handbook of Sikh studies? Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press? ??. ???–???? ???????? ???-?-??-??????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[8] Gandhi, Surjit (????)? History of Sikh gurus retold? Atlantic Publishers? ??. ???–???? ???????? ???-??-???-????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[IslamistPersecution5-9] ? ^? ^? Singh, Prithi (????)? The history of Sikh gurus? Lotus Press? ??. ???? ???????? ???-??-????-???-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[Singh2003-10] Singh, Prof. Kartar (????-??-??)? Life Story Of Guru Nanak? Hemkunt Press? ??. ??? ???????? ???-??-????-???-?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[IslamistPersecution2-11] ? ^? Si?gha, Kirapāla (????)? Select documents on Partition of Punjab-1947? National Book? ??. ???? ???????? ???-??-????-???-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[pri-12] ? ^? ^? Singh, Prithi Pal (????)? The history of Sikh Gurus? Lotus Press? ??. ???? ???????? ??-????-???-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[IslamistPersecution6-13] ? ^? ^? Abel, Ernest? "Life of Banda Singh"?^{[??????????? ???????? ?????]}

[Lafont-14] Lafont, Jean-Marie (?? ?? ????)? Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Lord of the Five Rivers (French Sources of Indian History Sources)? USA: Oxford University Press? ??. ??–??? ???????? ?-??-??????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[Singh2008-15] Singh, Pritam (????)? Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy (?????? ??????)? Routledge? ???????? ?????????????? A lot of Hindu and Muslim peasants converted to Sikhism from conviction, fear, economic motives, or a combination of the three (Khushwant Singh 1999: 106; Ganda Singh 1935: 73).{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[KudaisyaYong2004-16] Kudaisya, Gyanesh; Yong, Tan Tai (????)? The Aftermath of Partition in South Asia (?????? ??????)? Routledge? ??. ???? ???????? ???-?-???-?????-?? No sooner was it made public than the Sikhs launched a virulent campaign against the Lahore Resolution. Pakistan was portrayed as a possible return to an unhappy past when Sikhs were persecuted and Muslims the persecutor. Public speeches by various Sikh political leaders on the subject of Pakistan invariably raised images of atrocities committed by Muslims on Sikhs and of the martyrdom of their gurus and heroes. Reactions to the Lahore Resolution were uniformly negative and Sikh leaders of all political persuasions made it clear that Pakistan would be 'wholeheartedly resisted'. The Shiromani Akali Dal, the party with a substantial following amongst the rural Sikhs, organized several well-attended conferences in Lahore to condemn the Muslim League. Master Tara Singh, leader of the Akali Dal, declared that his party would fight Pakistan 'tooth and nail'. Not be outdone, other Sikh political organizations, rival to the Akali Dal, namely the Central Khalsa Young Men Union and the moderate and loyalist Chief Khalsa Dewan, declared in an equally strong language their unequivocal opposition to the Pakistan scheme.{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[Singh_2006_1-17] ? ^? Singh, Khushwant (????)? The Illustrated History of the Sikhs? India: Oxford University Press? ??. ??–??? ???????? ?-??-??????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) Also, as according to the Purātan Janamsākhī (the birth stories of Nanak).

[Shackle_2005-18] ? ^? Shackle, Christopher; Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh (????)? Teachings of the Sikh Gurus: Selections from the Sikh Scriptures? United Kingdom: Routledge? xiii–xiv? ???????? ?-???-?????-??{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

妙曼是什么意思	梦见死人的场面是什么兆头	生理期是什么	紧张性头痛吃什么药	球蛋白的功效与作用是什么
扁桃体发炎引起的发烧吃什么药	公积金缴存基数是什么意思	上传下达是什么意思	为什么突然流鼻血	天蝎配什么星座
吃鸡什么意思	冬阴功是什么意思	流汗太多对身体有什么危害	什么是性格	金刚钻是什么意思
天秤座和什么座最配对	降三高喝什么茶最好	11月29号什么星座	门槛费是什么意思	沉肩是什么意思

朱祁镇为什么杀于谦hcv8jop7ns5r.cn	择期什么意思hcv8jop6ns6r.cn	人生海海是什么意思hcv7jop9ns7r.cn	什么汤是清热去火的hcv9jop6ns6r.cn	古惑仔是什么hanqikai.com
1938年属什么hcv8jop2ns3r.cn	nacl是什么hcv8jop0ns3r.cn	感冒咳嗽挂号挂什么科shenchushe.com	狡兔三窟什么意思ff14chat.com	羊水穿刺是检查什么的hcv7jop4ns6r.cn
LC什么意思hcv8jop5ns8r.cn	时蔬是什么菜hcv8jop9ns6r.cn	7.6是什么星座hcv8jop0ns3r.cn	为什么会得霉菌性阴道炎hcv9jop7ns9r.cn	星星是什么的眼睛hcv8jop2ns7r.cn
用盐水洗脸有什么好处和坏处1949doufunao.com	御字五行属什么hcv9jop8ns1r.cn	考试紧张吃什么药可缓解hcv9jop3ns7r.cn	6月9日什么星座hcv7jop6ns4r.cn	吃什么能缓解便秘hcv8jop0ns8r.cn