【研华·9月17日·深圳】2015研华嵌入式设计论坛
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Definition of a Sikh and Sikh affirmation in the Delhi Gurdwara Act of 1971.[??]
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[????????]- ↑ Nesbitt, Eleanor (????)? Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction? OUP Oxford? ???????? ??????????????
From the rest of this introduction to the Guru Granth Sahib, and from Guru Nank's compositions, it is a monotheistic, rather than a monist, view of God which emerges.
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Takhar, Opinderjit Kaur (????)? Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs? Routledge? ???????? ??????????????
Since the Sikh concept of the divine is panentheistic, the divine is always greater than the created universe, its systems such as karma and samsara, and all phenomena within it. In Sikhism, due to the sovereignty of God, the doctrines of Nadar and Hukam override all systems, both concepts reinforcing panentheism. Hence one becomes a jivanmukt only in accordance with the Hukam.
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Reynolds, William M.; Webber, Julie A. (????)? Expanding Curriculum Theory: Dis/positions and Lines of Flight? Routledge? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
Like the God-of-process theologians in the West (Whitehead, Cobb, Griffin, Hartshorne), the God of Sikhism is a dynamic God, a process moving within humankind, pervasive within the hearts of people, yet transcendent and eternal. The Sikh God is one with whom devotees become wholly absorbed: "As the fish, I find the life of absorption in the water that is God" (Sri Guru Granth. 1988, p. 166). As the fish is absorbed in the water that is God, the soul is absorbed in the lightness that is God. The fish, even though absorbed in the water that is God, does not lose its fishness, its fish identity-formation, even though absorbed in the light that is God. A panentheistic system, such as Sikhsim, allows the soul to retain its soulness while merging with God. The soul, in other words, is not identical with God, even after merging with God, but one might say God is part of the soul. A strict identity soul = God is incarnationism and this is considered anathema in Sikhism. The Granth uses the beloved/lover metaphor for the relation of the self to God. God is the beloved and the devo tee is the lover. The lover retains her identity yet merges with her beloved.
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Singh, Pashaura; Mandair, Arvind-Pal Singh (????)? The Sikh world? London New York: Routledge? ???????? ??????????????
In looking at the teachings of the Gurus as a whole, it seems that Lourdunathan overstates the degree to which Sikh scripture is anti-monistic. Guru Nanak famously referred to the world as a "palace of smoke" (GGS: 138) and made countless references to the idea of maya (Illusion). While the Gurus did not teach a radical nondualism, it is perhaps more accurate to suggest that some aspects of Sikh thought constitute a qualified nondualism (in which Creator and Creation are part of the same whole) (GGS: 125) or panentheism (in which the Creator pervades the natural world) (GGS: 24), while many others are monotheistic, including passages in Japji Sahib, where God is described as the King of Kings (GGS: 6). These different interpretations lend themselves to varying understandings of the relationship between the natural world and divinity.
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Mann, Gurinder Singh (????)? The Making of Sikh scripture? Oxford: Oxford University Press? ??. ?? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies? Oxford Handbooks? Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech? OUP Oxford? ????? ??. ???? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ???????? (?????) ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ "Sikhism"?
- ↑ Sikhism
- ↑ Singh, Khushwant (????)? The Illustrated History of the Sikhs? India: Oxford University Press? ??. ??? ???????? ???-?-??-??????-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ (????????) Nabha, Kahan. Sahib Singh (????)? Gur Shabad Ratnakar Mahan Kosh (Punjabi ??????)? ??. ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?????
{{?? ???????}}: ????? ???????????|????????-??????=??????? ??? ?????? (???????)??????? ???? ????????????: ???????? ???? (?????) ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ W.Owen Cole, Piara Singh Sambhi (????)? Sikhism and Christianity: A Comparative Study (Themes in Comparative Religion)? Wallingford, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan? ??. ???? ???????? ???????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Singh, Patwant; (2000). The Sikhs. Alfred A Knopf Publishing. Pages 17. ???????? ?-???-?????-?.
- ↑ "Sikhism: What do you know about it?"? The Washington Post? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Zepps, Josh? "Sikhs in America: What You Need To Know About The World's Fifth-Largest Religion"? Huffington Post? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????
{{????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Chahal, Devinder (?????–???????? ????)? "Understanding Sikhism in the Science Age" (PDF)? Understanding Sikhism, The Research Journal (2): ?? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ ? ? Mcleod, WH (?? ????? ????)? Sikhism (Textual Sources for the Study of Religion)? Manchester University Press? ??. ???? ???????? ???????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ ? ? Singh Kalsi, Sewa (????)? Sikhism? London: Bravo Ltd.? ??. ??? ???????? ???-?-?????-???-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Nayar, Kamal Elizabeth and Sandhu, Jaswinder Singh (????)? "Chapter Six - Renunciation and Social Involvement in Siddhe Gost"? The Socially Involved Renunciate - Guru Nanaks Discourse to Nath Yogi's? United States of America: State University of New York Press? ??. ????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ?????? ???: ???????? ?????? (?????) ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Thaker, Aruna (????)? Multicultural Handbook of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics? John Wiley & Sons? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Marwha, Sonali Bhatt (????)? Colors of Truth, Religion Self and Emotions? New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company? ??. ???? ???????? ?????????X?
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ E. Marty, Martin and Appleby R. Scott (?? ????? ????)? Fundamentalisms and the State: Remaking Polities, Economies, and Militance? University of Chicago Press? ??. ???? ???????? ???????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Singh Gandhi, Surjit (? ?????? ????)? History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606 -1708? Atlantic Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd? ??. ???–???? ???????? ???????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ ? ? Chanchreek, Jain (????)? Encyclopaedia of Great Festivals? Shree Publishers & Distributors? ??. ???? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ ? ? Dugga, Kartar (????)? Maharaja Ranjit Singh: The Last to Lay Arms? Abhinav Publications? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Singh, Pritam (????)? Federalism, Nationalism and Development: India and the Punjab Economy? Abingdon-on-Thames, England: Routledge? ???????? ???-?-???-?????-??
A large number of Hindu and Muslim peasants converted to Sikhism from conviction, fear, economic motives, or a combination of the three (Khushwant Singh 1999: 106; Ganda Singh 1935: 73).
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Pashaura Singh (2005), Understanding the Martyrdom of Guru Arjan, Journal of Punjab Studies, 12(1), pp. 29–62
- ↑ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (? ??????????? ????)? History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606–1708? New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers? ??. ???–???? ???????? ???-??-???-????-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Singh Kalsi, Sewa (????)? Sikhism? London: Bravo Ltd.? ??. ??–???? ???????? ???-?-?????-???-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Teece, Geoff (????)? Sikhism:Religion in focus? Black Rabbit Books? ??. ?? ???????? ???-?-?????-???-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Mark Juergensmeyer, Gurinder Singh Mann (????)? The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions? US: Oxford University Press? ??. ??? ???????? ???-?-??-??????-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Ardinger, Barbara (????)? Pagan Every Day: Finding the Extraordinary in Our Ordinary Lives? Weisfer? ??. ??? ???????? ???-?-?????-???-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Nesbitt, Eleanor M. (?? ??????? ????)? Sikhism: a very short introduction? Oxford University Press? ??. ???? ???????? ???-?-??-??????-?? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ ? ? ? Parrinder, Geoffrey (????)? World Religions:From Ancient History to the Present? USA: Hamlyn Publishing Group? ??. ???? ???????? ???-?-?????-???-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Dev, Guru Nanak Dev? Guru Granth Sāhib ji? ??. ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????
For endless eons, there was only utter darkness. There was no earth or sky; there was only the
infiniteCommand of His Hukam.{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Dev, Nanak? Gurū Granth Sāhib Ji? ??. ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????
When He so willed, He created the world. Without any supporting power, He sustained the universe. He created Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva; He fostered enticement and attachment to Maya.
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Taoshobuddha (?? ????? ????)? Ek Onkar Satnam: The Heartbeat of Nanak? AuthorHouseUK? ??. ???? ???????? ???????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Mayled, John (????)? Sikhism? Heinemann? ??. ??? ???????? ?-???-?????-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ David Rose, Gill Rose (????)? Sacred Texts photopack? Folens Limited? ??. ??? ???????? ?-?????-???-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Dev, Nanak? Gurū Granth Sāhib? ??. ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ?????
You are the One True Lord and Master of all the other beings, of so many worlds.
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Takhar, Opinderjit (????)? Sikh Identity: An Exploration Of Groups Among Sikhs? Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.? ??. ???? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ ? ? Chahal, Amarjit Singh (???????? ????)? "Concept of Reincarnation in Guru Nanak's Philosophy" (PDF)? Understanding Sikhism – The Research Journal? ?? (1–2): ??–??? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Wilkinson, Philip (????)? Religions? Dorling Kindersley? ??. ???, ???–???? ???????? ???-?-????-????-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ House, H. Wayne (?????? ????)? "Resurrection, Reincarnation, and Humanness" (PDF)? Bibliotheca Sacra? ??? (590)? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? (PDF) ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Singh, H. S. (????)? The Encyclopedia of Sikhism? Hemkunt Press? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Kapoor, Sukhbir (????)? Guru Granth Sahib - An Advance Study Volume-I? Hemkunt Press? ??. ???? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Singh, Nirmal (????)? Searches In Sikhism? Hemkunt Press? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Parrinder, Geoffrey (????)? World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present? United States: Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited? ??. ???? ???????? ???-?-?????-???-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ ? ? Pruthi, Raj (????)? Sikhism and Indian Civilization? Discovery Publishing House? ??. ???? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ ? ? ? McLean, George (????)? Paths to The Divine: Ancient and Indian: 12? 1565182480: Council for Research in Values &? ??. ????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ??????? (?????) ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Note: some disagree with this viewpoint, and state that guru in Sikhism is "not a teacher or a guide", but "God's own manifestation"; see: Bhagat Singh & G.P. Singh, Japji, 2002, Hemkunt Press, page 9; Quote: "(...) In Sikh religion the word 'Guru' does not denote a teacher, or an expert or a guide in human body. When God manifested his attributes in person, that person was called 'Guru Nanak'"
- ↑ ? ? ? Parrinder, Geoffrey (????)? World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present? United States: Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited? ??. ???? ???????? ???-?-?????-???-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ ? ? Singh, R.K. Janmeja (Meji) (????? ????)? "Gurbani's Guidance and the Sikh's 'Destination'" (PDF)? The Sikh Review? 8? ?? (716): ??–??? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? (PDF) ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Dhillon, Bikram Singh (?????????–??? ????)? "Who is a Sikh? Definitions of Sikhism" (PDF)? Understanding Sikhism – The Research Journal? ? (1): ??–??, ??? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Dhillon, Sukhraj Singh (?? ????)? "Universality of the Sikh Philosophy: An Analysis" (PDF)? The Sikh Review? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? (PDF) ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????
{{???????? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Singh, Joginder (????)? Celestial Gems? Hemkunt Press? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Singh Bakhshi, Surinder (? ?????? ????)? "Chapter 22 - Nitnem"? Sikhs in the Diaspora: A Modern Guide to the Practice of Sikh Faith? Sikh Publishing House; First edition? ??. ???? ???????? ???????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Doel, Sarah (????)? Sikh Music: History, Text, and Praxis? ProQuest? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Pamela Draycott, Alison Phillips, Cavan Wood (?? ????? ????)? "3.4 What Does Sikhism Teach About Poverty"? Janet Dyson, Ruth Mantin (???????)? Think RE: Pupil Book 2? Heinemann; 1 edition? ??. ??? ???????? ???????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ?????? ???: ???????? ?????? (?????) ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Singh, Harjeet (????)? Faith & Philosophy of Sikhism? Gyan Publishing House? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Wood, Angela (????)? Movement and Change? Nelson Thornes? ??. ??? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ ? ? ? ? ? L. Hadley, Michael (? ?????? ????)? "Sikhism and Restorative Justice:Theory and Practice - Pashaura Singh"? The Spiritual Roots of Restorative Justice (S U N Y Series in Religious Studies)? State University of New York Press? ??. ???? ???????? ???????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Shiva, Vandana (????)? The Violence of Green Revolution: Third World Agriculture, Ecology and Politics? Zed Books? ??. ???? ???????? ??????????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Marianne Fleming and David Worden (? ????? ????)? "Sikhism"? Religious Studies for AQA: Thinking About God and Morality (GCSE Religious Studies for AQA)? Heinemann; 1 edition? ??. ???? ???????? ???????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Rait, Satwant Kaur (????)? Sikh Women in England: Religious,Social and Cultural Beliefs? English: Trentham Books Ltd; illustrated edition? ??. ??? ???????? ???????????
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Mann, Gurinder Singh (????)? The Making of Sikh Scripture? United States: Oxford University Press? ??. ??? ???????? ???-?-??-??????-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ Parrinder, Geoffrey (????)? World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present? United States: Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited? ??. ???? ???????? ???-?-?????-???-??
{{?? ???????}}: ??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????) - ↑ "Sikh Reht Maryada — Method of Adopting Gurmatta"? ? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ? ??? ?????
{{????? ???????}}: ????? ???????????|????????-??????=??????? ??? ?????? (???????)??????? ???? ????????????: ????? ???????????????? ?????? (?????)
?????????
[????????]- DhanGuruNanak.com
- PunjabiJunction.com - ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????
- Sikhs.org
- Sikh-History.com ????????? ?????? ?????????? ? ?? ???? ??????
- All-About-Sikhs.com
- SriGranth.org - ??????????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????
- SikhNet.com - ???????????? ?????????
- SikhismGuide.org - ??? ?????? ????
- GGSSC.org - ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? - ??????? ??????????