整体联动破解“择校热”“大班额”

???? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? (??????, ??????????? ??, ????? ????? ??????) ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???: ??????????? ?????? ???, ???????????? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????

???????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????, ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???, ???????????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ????, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????

??????????

?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????????? ???, ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???, ??? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? (???????????:???????? ????? ? ???????????:??/????????? ?????? ?????)? ???????, ????????????? ?? ?? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?????? ? ???????? ???????? ???? (???????????:??????? ?????? ????? ?????)? ?????? ??????????? ???????, ???? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? "????????? ?????? ????????? ??????"?? ???????? ???? ????

???? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? - ???? ????????? ???? ???????? 'ipblock-exempt' ? 'torunblocked' ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????:???????????? ???? ??????-?? ??????, ?????, ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????

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???? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????, ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????

???????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????:

???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ????, ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????

???????? (????) ?????????????

???????? ????????????? ???? ????????????? ?-???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????:?????????-? ???? ?-???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? '??????????' ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????:????????? ??? css, js ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????

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???????????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ???? ??????????, ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???

???? ???? ?????????? ???? ? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???, ?????????? ???? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????????? ? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ???, ??? ???? ????????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????

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???????? ????? ????????????? ? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ????????

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???????? ????? ????????????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????????

?????????? (??????????)

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??? ????: ???????????:???????????? ???????

??-??? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ????? ???????? ? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????

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?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????

????? ????????????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ????????

?????????? ???????

??? ????: ???????????:?????????? ??????????

???? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????

????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ????

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????? ????????????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??????????? ????????

?????????? ? ???????????

??????????? ?????????? (import) ?? ???? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????:?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? (?????????? ????? ??????) ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ? ?????????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????

?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? (import) ??????? ???????? (importupload) ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? (???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ????)? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???? ????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ????

??? ?? ??????????? ?????:??????? ??????? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????

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???????? ????? ????????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????????

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???????? ????? ????????????? ? ?? ????????????? ???? ??????????? ????????

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??????????? ???????

??? ?????: meta:CheckUser policy

????? ???????????:??????????? ???????

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???????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????, ?? ????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ???? (????????? ???? ????????????) ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? Special:Log/suppress-? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????????????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????????? "????????? ?????? ????????? ??????"?? ???????? ???????

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???????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???? Special:GlobalGroupPermissions ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???? Special:GlobalUsers ??????

??????????

?????????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ?????

???????????? ???? ????????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ??????????? ????? ??, ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????????????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????, ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????, ???? ??????????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???, ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????

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????????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? meta:Stewards ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? meta:Special:Log/rights ???? meta:Special:Log/gblrights ??? (???? ?? meta:Stewards/Additional log for global changes-? ????)? ????????????? ??????? ???? Special:GlobalUsers/steward ??????

???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????

??? ????????: Wikipedia:Global rights policy ? meta:User groups

???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????? WMF staff, ??????? ???????, ????????? (ombudsmen), ?????? ????? (??????), ??????? ??, ??????? ??????????, ??????? ???????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? meta:User groups ??????

?????

• ????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????, ???? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????
• ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ???? (noratelimit) ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? (noratelimit) ?????? ??? ??? ?????????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??

• Special:ListGroupRights is an automatically generated list of granted user group rights. The below table is manually updated, and also includes global groups with local access.

Permission	Allows user(s) to…	All users	Registered accounts	Autoconfirmed and Confirmed	Bots	Administrators	Bureaucrats	other groups
abusefilter-hidden-log	View hidden abuse log entries							OS
abusefilter-hide-log	Hide entries in the abuse log
abusefilter-log	View the abuse log	Y
abusefilter-log-detail	View detailed abuse log entries	Y		Y		Y		GR
abusefilter-log-private	View edit filters marked as private					Y
abusefilter-modify	Modify abuse filters					Y
abusefilter-modify-restricted	Modify edit filters with restricted actions					Y
abusefilter-privatedetails	View private data (IP addresses) in the abuse log							CU
abusefilter-privatedetails-log	View the AbuseFilter private details access log
abusefilter-view	View non-private abuse filters	Y
abusefilter-view-private	View edit filters marked as private					Y
apihighlimits	Request API queries in batches of 5,000, rather than 500				Y	Y
applychangetags	Apply tags along with one's changes		Y
autoconfirmed	Not be affected by IP-based rate limits			Y	Y	Y		PCR, GR, IE
autopatrol	Automatically mark all edits made by the user as patrolled				Y	Y		AP, GR
autoreview	Automatically mark all revisions made by the user as "accepted"			Y / ??	Y	Y		PCR, AR
bigdelete	Delete pages with over 5,000 revisions							Stewards
block	Block an IP address, user account, or range of IP addresses, from editing					Y
blockemail	Block a user from sending email					Y
bot	Edit without their edits showing up in recent changes				Y			flooder
browsearchive	Search deleted pages					Y
centralauth-merge	Merge their account	Y
changetags	Add and remove arbitrary tags on individual revisions and log entries		Y
checkuser	View all IP addresses used by a user account or show all edits from a given IP address							CU, Ombuds
checkuser-log	View the checkuser log
collectionsaveascommunitypage	Save books as community page in the book namespace			Y
collectionsaveasuserpage	Save books as user subpage			Y
createaccount	Create a new user account for themselves or another user	Y				Y
createpage	Create a new page	Y	Y
createtalk	Create a new talk page	Y	Y
delete	Delete a page with ≤ 5,000 revisions					Y
deletechangetags	Delete tags from the database					Y
deletedhistory	View the history of a deleted page or a user's deleted contributions, provided it is not CSS or JS					Y
deletedtext	View the text of deleted revisions, provided the page is not CSS or JS					Y
deletelogentry	Access the RevisionDelete tool and change the public visibility of log entries					Y		OS
deleterevision	Access the RevisionDelete tool and change the public visibility of edit revisions					Y
Permission	Allows user(s) to…	All users	Registered accounts	Autoconfirmed and Confirmed	Bots	Administrators	Bureaucrats	other groups
edit	Edit any page which is not protected	Y	Y					IE
editcontentmodel	Edit the content model of a page					Y		IE
editinterface	Edit the MediaWiki namespace to affect the interface					Y		IA, IE
editmyoptions	Edit your own preferences	Y
editmyprivateinfo	Edit your own private data (e.g. email address, real name)	Y
editmyusercss	Edit your own user .css files		Y
editmyuserjs	Edit your own user .js files		Y
editmyuserjson	Edit your own user .json files		Y
editmywatchlist	Edit your own watchlist	Y
editprotected	Edit fully-protected pages					Y		IE
editsemiprotected	Edit semi-protected pages			Y	Y	Y		PCR, GR, IE
editsitecss	Edit sitewide .css files							IA, IE
editsitejs	Edit sitewide .js files
editsitejson	Edit sitewide .json files					Y
editusercss	Edit other users' .css files							IA, IE
edituserjs	Edit other users' .js files
edituserjson	Edit other users' .json files					Y		IA
globalblock-whitelist	Disable global blocks locally					Y
hideuser	Block a username, hiding it from the public							OS
import	Import pages from other wikis					Y		IMP, TWI
importupload	Import pages from a locally stored XML file							IMP
ipblock-exempt	Be unaffected by blocks applied to the user's IP address or a range (CIDR) containing it					Y		IPBE
managechangetags	Create and (de)activate tags					Y
markbotedits	Mark rollback as bot edits, to keep them out of recent changes					Y		GR
massmessage	Send a message to multiple users at once					Y
mergehistory	Merge the history of pages					Y
minoredit	Make an edit marked as 'minor'		Y
move	Change the title of a page by moving it			Y		Y		GR
move-categorypages	Change the title of a category by moving it		Y			Y
movefile	Change the title of a file by moving it					Y		FMV
move-rootuserpages	Move root user pages		Y			Y
move-subpages	Move pages with their subpages					Y
movestable	Move pages under pending changes			Y / ??		Y		GR
mwoauthmanagemygrants	Manage OAuth grants		Y
nominornewtalk	Minor edits by this user to user talk pages do not trigger the "you have new messages" banner				Y
noratelimit	Not be affected by rate limits				Y	Y	Y	ACCP, GR, Stewards
Permission	Allows user(s) to…	All users	Registered accounts	Autoconfirmed and Confirmed	Bots	Administrators	Bureaucrats	other groups
nuke	Mass delete pages					Y
oathauth-enable	Enable two-factor authentication					Y	Y	CU, IMP, IA, OS, TWI
override-antispoof	Allows the creation of accounts with mixed-script, confusing and similar usernames					Y	Y
patrol	State that they have checked a page that appeared in Special:Newpages			Y		Y		PCR
protect	Change protection levels, edit and move protected pages, and edit cascade-protected pages					Y
purge	Purge a page by adding &action=purge to the URL		Y
read	Read pages	Y	Y
renameuser	Change the name of an existing account							Global renamers, Stewards
reupload	Overwrite an existing unprotected file			Y		Y
reupload-own	Overwrite existing files uploaded by oneself		Y
reupload-shared	Override files on the shared media repository locally					Y
review	Mark revisions as being "accepted"					Y		PCR
rollback	Use a special link to more easily revert a bad edit					Y		RBK, GR
sendemail	E-mail a user (using Special:EmailUser/username) who have associated an email address with themselves		Y
skipcaptcha	Perform CAPTCHA-triggering actions without having to go through the CAPTCHA			Y	Y	Y		GR
spamblacklistlog	View the spam blacklist log		Y
stablesettings	Configure how the latest accepted revision is selected and displayed					Y
suppressionlog	View private logs							OS
suppressredirect	Not create a redirect from the old name when moving a page				Y	Y	Y	FM, PCR, GR, IE
suppressrevision	Access the RevisionDelete tool and change the public and administrator visibility of edit revisions and logs							OS
tboverride	Override the title blacklist					Y		IE
titleblacklistlog	View title blacklist log					Y
torunblocked	Bypass automatic blocks of Tor exit nodes							IPBE
transcode-reset	Reset failed or transcoded videos so they are inserted into the job queue again			Y		Y
transcode-status	View information about the current transcode activity			Y		Y
undelete	Undelete a previously deleted page or specific revisions from it, view deleted revisions					Y
unwatchedpages	View a list of pages which are not on anyone's watchlist					Y
upload	Upload a media file			Y		Y
userrights	Edit all user rights							Stewards, Jimbo Wales
viewmyprivateinfo	View your own private data (e.g. email address, real name)	Y
viewmywatchlist	View your own watchlist	Y
viewsuppressed	View revisions hidden from any user							OS
vipsscaler-test	Use the VIPS scaling test interface	Y
writeapi	Use of the write API	Y	Y		Y
Permission	Allows user(s) to…	All users	Registered accounts	Autoconfirmed and Confirmed	Bots	Administrators	Bureaucrats	other groups

??????????? ?????? ???? ????????

Key to Rights

Granted	Inherited	Denied

Key to Project

Local	Global	Restricted

	Confirmed		Bot		Administrator		Bureaucrat		Reviewer		Rollbacker		Checkuser		Autopatrolled		Oversight		Import		Ipblock-Exempt		Autoreview		Account Creator		File mover		Interface Administrator
	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take	give	take
Administrator
Bureaucrat
Steward
Founder

^1 "Inherit" only means that bureaucrats have the ability to grant or revoke the user right from another account if they are also administrators. Bureaucrats are not explicitly given the ability to grant or revoke it.

??? ?????

• ??????????:???????????? ??????
• ????:??????????? ??
• ?????:???? ???????? ??????
• ???????????? ?????? ?????
• Wikipedia:Editorial oversight and control (explains the access structure from the perspective of quality control on Wikipedia)
• ???????????:???????? ????? (????????? ???????? ????? ????)